Imam Mohamed Magid, at the All
Dulles Area Muslim Society in Sterling, Va. The imam said he has persuaded
several young men to abandon their plans to join extremists and fight
overseas.
STERLING, Va. — Imam Mohamed Magid
tries to stay in regular contact with the teenager who came to him a few months
ago — at his family’s urging — to discuss how he was being wooed by online
recruiters working for the Islamic State, the extremist group in Syria and
Iraq.
But the imam, a scholar bursting
with charm and authority, has struggled to compete. Though he has successfully
intervened in the cases of five other young men, persuading them to abandon
plans to fight overseas, the Islamic State’s recruiting efforts have become even more
disturbing, he said, and nonstop.
“The recruiters wouldn’t leave him
alone,” Imam Magid said of the young man he met with recently. “They were on
social media with him at all hours, they tweet him at night, first thing in the
morning. If I talk to him for an hour, they undo him in two hours.”
President Obama on Wednesday
described the fight against violent extremism as a “generational challenge”
that would require the cooperation of governments, religious leaders, educators
and law enforcement. But even before he called on more than 60 nations to join the effort, the rise
of the Islamic State and the attacks by homegrown terrorists in Paris, Ottawa,
Copenhagen and Sydney, Australia, had jolted American Muslims into action.
Humera Khan, the founder
of Muflehun, a think tank that focuses on countering violent extremism, during
a youth leadership and safety conference in Avon, Conn., in November.
Muslim leaders here and elsewhere
have already started organizing or expanding prevention programs and
discussions on countering violent extremism, often with assistance from law
enforcement officials and trained counter-recruiters who emphasize that the
Internet’s dangers for young Muslims now go far beyond pornography.
With the Islamic State in particular
deploying savvy online appeals to adolescents alongside videos of horrific executions, the sense of urgency has
grown. Though some Muslim leaders still resist cooperating with government,
fearing that they would be contributing to religious profiling and anti-Muslim
bigotry, many have been spurred to respond as they have come into contact with
religiously ardent youths, who feel alienated by life in the West and admit
that they have been vulnerable to the Islamic State’s invitation to help build
a puritanical utopia.
“The number is small, but one person
who gets radicalized is one too many,” said Rizwan Jaka, a father of six and
the board chairman of the All Dulles Area Muslim Society, where Imam
Magid is the spiritual leader. “It’s a balancing act: We have to make sure our
youth are not stereotyped in any way, but we’re still dealing with the real
issue of insulating them from any potential threat of radicalization.”
In practice, it often means
one-on-one conversation with Muslims like Amir, a 22-year-old computer
programmer in Virginia who said he was initially drawn to extremist videos from
the Islamic State because he was a new convert struggling with how to live out
his faith in the United States. He said he chafed at having to work in an
office with Muslim women who covered their heads but wore clothing he
considered too tight. He also did not like hearing music or seeing photographs
of people on the walls, or advertisements for credit cards, which he said Islam
strictly forbids.
“Every time I mentioned it, no one heard me
out,” he said. “I definitely felt like a stranger.”
He said his disenchantment with the
Islamic State began when the extremist group beheaded Peter Kassig, who reports said was a Muslim
convert, and later executed a Jordanian pilot. Amir then had some long talks
with Imam Magid, who pointed him to passages in the Quran that forbid killing
other Muslims, and innocent women and children. Amir concluded that the Islamic
State was only sowing chaos and hatred, which was abhorred by the Prophet
Muhammad.
“The Islamic State once looked like
eye candy to me,” said Amir, who was willing to be identified only by his first
name because he did not want to attract the attention of extremists. “But now I
think they are deviants.”
Imam Magid described Amir as “the
kind of person who is vulnerable to ISIS”
— an alienated young Muslim with a black-and-white worldview, looking for
purpose and adventure.
But, he added, it is often hard to
identify which people are most at risk, and how to make them see the forces of
manipulation that may be in play.
Here in suburban Virginia and in
many other communities where generations of Muslims have been settled for
decades, the threat still feels remote. Many are professionals whose children
are so enmeshed in American culture that they are more likely to spend time at
the mall or the soccer field than watching extremist videos. And many have been
especially active in mosques along with their families, which seems to diminish
the likelihood of extremism; many homegrown extremists in the West were
converts who had little exposure to, or education in, the faith.
But parents and religious leaders
are struggling with just how concerned they should be, and where to focus their
efforts. Imam Magid, who is in regular communication with the F.B.I. and other
law enforcement agencies, said the young men he had counseled came from a
variety of family backgrounds.
Humera Khan, the founder of Muflehun, a think tank based in Washington that
focuses on countering violent extremism, said that, increasingly, there is no
consistent profile of those who are targeted for recruitment or drawn to
Islamic extremists.
“There are no patterns, and that’s
making it harder for everyone,” she said in an interview in Virginia late last
month. “They can come from every ethnic, socioeconomic group, any geographic
area. But they are more often men than women, and they’re getting younger.”
Law enforcement officials estimate
that about 150 Americans have traveled, or tried to travel, to fight in Syria.
That is fewer than in France, where 1,000 people are estimated to have gone to
Syria, and England, which has counted about 600, not including those who were
in touch with extremists online and decided not to join.
Imam Magid
said that in addition to those he has talked out of going, he knows of one
young Muslim from Virginia who recently left to join the Islamic State in
Syria. (He said he had never met this man nor had a chance to dissuade him.)
In Chicago in October, two brothers,
ages 19 and 16, and their 17-year-old sister were detained at the airport on their way
to Turkey to join the Islamic State. Three girls from Denver, one as
young as 15, were stopped at an airport in Germany the same month, on their way
to join militants in Syria.
All were reportedly recruited over
the Internet. And that has provoked new levels of introspection, both private
and public, among American Muslims of all ages.
At a forum for Muslim millennials in
Washington sponsored by the Muslim Public
Affairs Council last year, college students and Muslim leaders
speculated about why a group as barbaric as the Islamic State had successfully
attracted any Muslims at all from the West.
“ISIS says: ‘Come here. We’ve got
ripped warriors,’ ” said Imam Suhaib Webb,
a popular Muslim leader who moved from Boston to the Washington area last
month. “It’s a very simplistic response, but it’s somewhat effective.”
He said that in more than 15 years as
an imam, he had encountered only five Muslims who were considering whether they
should join violent militant groups, but that none of them had actually left
the United States to fight.
“They were all males,” said Imam
Webb, and “they all had daddy issues.” He added, “They were not really drawn to
this on theological grounds.”
Ms. Khan, who has four degrees from
M.I.T., left lucrative consulting work to develop a prevention program that
addresses extremism and the way that technology can be used for manipulation.
At one of her events last year,
about 30 young Muslims, both high school and middle school students, gathered
at the Farmington Valley American Muslim
Center in Avon, Conn., for what was billed as a “cybersafety
workshop,” with Ms. Khan moving swiftly from how to detect online pedophiles to
how to detect Islamist extremists.
“They are telling you, ‘Let’s go
fight.’ They are asking you to share gruesome images,” said Ms. Khan, who wore
a blue floral-print head scarf. “Be very careful. These people are not your
friends.”
She told the students — who were
quick to raise their hands and ask questions — to avoid contact with strangers
online, or with anyone who demands secrecy. The sexual predators are usually
male, she told them, but the extremist recruiters can be male or female, and
some of them can be, or can pretend to be, teenagers, too. Her presentation
included a picture of a wolf zipped into a sheep’s skin.
“Have you guys heard of grooming?”
she asked them, using a term more often used in relation to sexual predators.
“They will try to be your friend. They will be nice to you, spend lots of time
with you. Some of them will be sending you gifts.”
Programs like this have not been
embraced as a widespread priority by American Muslims, at least until recently,
in part because the problem seemed to be overseas, not here, Muslim leaders
say. And since many American Muslims are immigrants or African-Americans, there
is substantial fear and suspicion of law enforcement officials, along with
simple defensiveness and denial.
“The family says, ‘It’s not going to happen to
me,’ ” said M. Saud Anwar,
a pulmonologist and the first Muslim to be elected as a mayor in Connecticut,
where he serves South Windsor.
Imam Magid,
speaking upstairs at his Muslim center while a team of Muslim girls pounded out
a basketball game below, said that real prevention meant programs that give
young people as much purpose and inspiration as extremists promise.
Once young Muslims buy into the
ideology, he said, it’s very hard to pry them loose. “You have to reach them
before it happens.”
Some of the Muslim parents in Avon,
Conn., also said they were still trying to grasp how they could help. At one
point, in a meeting at the Farmington Valley American Muslim Center with
prosecutors, the police and an F.B.I. agent, Dr. Atique A. Mirza, a
cardiologist and founding board member of the center, pointedly asked what they
were up against. “What’s the proportion of recruiters to counter-recruiters?”
he asked Ms. Khan.
Globally, she said, “the recruiters
are orders of magnitude more.”
“It’s pathetic,” she said. “They are
running circles around us.”
Credit T.J. Kirkpatrick for The New York Time.
